An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.
Claim CLM-00001. 1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
a catholyte comprising a cathode active material dissolved in an electrolyte; an anolyte comprising a polysulfide compound dissolved in an electrolyte; and an ion-permeable separator configured to electrically insulate the anolyte from the catholyte.
Claim CLM-00033. 33. A power module, comprising:
a stack of electrochemical cells, the electrochemical cells each comprising:
a catholyte comprising a cathode active material dissolved in an electrolyte;an anolyte comprising a polysulfide compound dissolved in an electrolyte; andan ion-permeable separator configured to electrically insulate the anolyte from the catholyte.
Claim CLM-00041. 41. A bulk energy storage system, comprising:
at least one battery comprising a stack of electrochemical cells, each electrochemical cell comprising:
a catholyte comprising a cathode active material dissolved in an electrolyte;an anolyte comprising a polysulfide compound dissolved in an electrolyte; andan ion-permeable separator configured to electrically insulate the anolyte from the catholyte.
